The topotactic condensation of layered silicates into zeolitic frameworks also offers promise as a strategy for obtaining new framework topologies. A recent successful example of this approach is the conversion of layered silicate RUB into zeolite RUB [ 20 ], which will be elucidated here as a model case for discovery and exploration of novel zeolites in chemical industry.
RUB is a previously unknown hydrous layered silicate [ 21 ] Fig. Adsorption studies using small hydrocarbons showed stronger adsorption of alkenes compared to alkanes [ 20 ].
Typically, in small pore zeolites the order of preference follows the order of critical diameter, hence the transbutene is favored over 1-butene and cisbutene [ 22 ]. The behavior of RUB likely stems from the unique pore architecture of the RRO topology, where pore distortion leads to a pronounced selectivity. This finding demonstrates the potential of utilizing RUB for a commercially attractive direct liquid-phase separation process to isolate pure 1-butene from a butene mixture [ 22 ].
It was also shown that insertion of functional T-atoms into the silicate framework is possible, which makes this zeolite attractive for many applications in catalysis. Recently, a new methodology for postalkoxysilylation of the layered silicate precursors to get new crystalline framework structures with expanded pore openings has been developed [ 23 ].
These interlayer expanded zeolites are thermally and hydrothermally stable. Utilization of this approach for layered precursors with MWW topology, generated catalysts that were more active in a variety of reactions involving bulky molecules, potentially due to the enhanced diffusion in the framework as a result of the wider interlayer pore openings [ 23 ]. This new strategy offers promise as a way to design catalysts based on the dimensional requirements of a reaction, and is likely to be employed by chemical industry.
It can be stated that zeolites are of great interest for the chemical industry, especially due to their current and potential applications in catalysis. Even though synthetic zeolites have been used by industry for decades, prospects are still high for new structures and applications. Being the catalysts that can provide the much-needed selectivity towards base chemicals, zeolites will play a critical role in the quest for raw material change.
Since there are an infinite number of possible zeolitic framework structures, it can be expected that academic and industrial research activities in this field will continue to be vigorous.
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Top Catal 52, — Download citation. Published : 14 April Issue Date : June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Download PDF. Abstract New materials are prerequisite for major breakthrough applications influencing our daily life, and therefore are pivotal for the chemical industry.
Introduction Due to its role in many crucial chemical processes, heterogeneous catalysis is one of the key elements of our industrialized society, and thus has direct impact on the global economy.
Industrial Interest in Zeolites Systematic research efforts on synthesis and adsorption properties of zeolites were initiated by Richard M. Zeolites as Catalysts in Industrial Processes It has been four decades since the introduction of the shape-selective character of zeolites into industrial applications. Annual zeolite catalyst consumption by region.
Full size image. Information about your use of this website will be shared with Google and other third parties. Read our privacy policy. Molecules that mimic shapes of transition states of important industrial reactions help to build better catalysts. Thanks to their porous nature, zeolites are widely used as catalysts. However, the enormous — in principle infinite — number of possible zeolites makes finding and producing the best zeolite to catalyse a particular reaction difficult.
But researchers in Spain have developed a systematic technique, demonstrating its efficacy by selecting superior catalysts for common industrial reactions. Zeolites — porous hydrated aluminosilicate minerals — catalyse chemical reactions by stabilising the transition state through interactions with the pore walls, thereby lowering the activation energy.
In search of a method to find the best zeolites, Avelino Corma of the Polytechnic University of Valencia was inspired by a method in which mimics of a similar shape are used to produce voids in materials such as amorphous silica. This has achieved limited success in amorphous materials because heating the material to remove the mimic inevitably introduces defects.
Synthetic zeolites are generally produced by hydrothermal crystallisation of silica—alumina gel. First, they studied the disproportionation of toluene to produce xylenes, deciding on the phosphonium cation as an OSDA.
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