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This can be from a number of causes:. Memory loss and problems with planning and performing complex tasks can increase the risk of accidents in the home and when out and about. Mobility, stability and spatial awareness can all be impaired, leading to an increased danger of falls and dangerous fractures. In the later stages of dementia , people struggle to eat well and stay healthy.
They may find buying and preparing meals a challenge, go off their food and lose weight. Towards the end of the illness, they lose muscle control and may be unable to chew and swallow. Without nourishment, individuals can become frail and weak and at risk of falls, fractures and infections, which could lead to death.
The brain controls our ability to co-ordinate swallowing and breathing. In end-stage dementia, this skill is lost. Your loved one may become dehydrated, or they may inhale food or fluids which can lead to choking and chest infections called aspiration pneumonias. These can be life-threatening. Many people living with dementia also have other chronic conditions like heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease.
Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and unpredictable behavior. After she died, he examined her brain and found many abnormal clumps now called amyloid plaques and tangled bundles of fibers now called neurofibrillary, or tau, tangles.
Another feature is the loss of connections between neurons in the brain. Neurons transmit messages between different parts of the brain, and from the brain to muscles and organs in the body. Changes in the brain may begin a decade or more before symptoms appear. Previously healthy neurons stop functioning, lose connections with other neurons, and die. The damage initially appears to take place in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex, which are parts of the brain that are essential in forming memories.
As more neurons die, additional parts of the brain are affected and begin to shrink. Some people with memory problems have a condition called mild cognitive impairment MCI. With MCI, people have more memory problems than normal for their age, but their symptoms do not interfere with their everyday lives. Movement difficulties and problems with the sense of smell have also been linked to MCI.
Some may even revert to normal cognition. Problems can include wandering and getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills , repeating questions, taking longer to complete normal daily tasks, and personality and behavior changes. People are often diagnosed in this stage. In this stage, damage occurs in areas of the brain that control language, reasoning, conscious thought, and sensory processing, such as the ability to correctly detect sounds and smells.
Memory loss and confusion grow worse, and people begin to have problems recognizing family and friends. They may be unable to learn new things, carry out multistep tasks such as getting dressed, or cope with new situations.
Not being able to swallow properly is particularly dangerous. Sepsis infections from undiagnosed urinary tract infections. The changes in brain function happens when abnormal deposits of proteins form amyloid plaques clusters of protein fragments and tau tangles twisted strands of another type of protein causing neurons a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses to stop functioning and die.
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